Okonkwo free essay sample

Some view expressions of the human experience as having an extra-masterful psychological capacity, that they have a message about keeps an eye on place on the planet which may have social or political ramifications. For instance, there may be a case for assuming that human expressions have a significant capacity as a vehicle for social analysis and change. Regardless, there is a boundless conviction that expressions of the human experience have a higher reason to instruct by empowering thoughtfulness and in some cases making us consider how we should live our lives. Two heads are superior to one. Learning nd working in bunches includes shared or learned qualities, assets, and methods of getting things done. Gathering ventures can fortify aptitudes that are applicable to both gathering and individual work, including the capacity to: break task into parts, design and oversee time and increase relational abilities. What systems were utilized? A considerable lot of my cohorts including myself would have wanted to take a shot at this venture independently, anyway once in a while more hands make for lighter work. We will compose a custom article test on Okonkwo or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page At the point when my accomplice and I got together to start our task we had chosen to part the venture down the middle. Same an equivalent measure of work. I wouldnt state we utilized and explicit methodologies to start the Mexican Revolution venture. We did anyway follow the a portion of the rules of the structure cycle to start which included: plan, examine, structure and make. What information was obtained? Since my accomplice had such a great amount of information on the Mexican Revolution, she had the option to help me unmistakably comprehend/explain certain things that had happened that I was questionable of. Since we needed to do some exploration on our own I increased more on the transformation, to the porfiriato time where porfito Diaz himself presented railways, to ow significant the constitution was for the individuals. What abilities were used and created? Gathering activities can likewise assist understudies with creating abilities to collective endeavors, permitting understudies, for example, myself to: delegate jobs and duties, share points of view, information and aptitudes, consider each other and be considered responsible. (We had the option to utilize pervious information from class and what we have been instructed to have the option to finish the venture. I had the option to create and acquire information on the Mexican upheaval in light of my accomplices information. ) What will be done ditterently in the tuture? A great deal of things will be done any other way later on. Time the executives obviously. We wound up doing it that week it was expected which caused some weight on every one of us separately. In spite of the fact that we finished out venture in time I would have gotten a kick out of the chance to have begun arranging the week she revealed to us Just to have had a head start and recognize what we were doing then really doing it a minute ago and not so much comprehending what we would do. Regardless of whether we chose to part the work, I would have needed to at present cooperated since it was a gathering venture. In any case, most importantly, it was an extraordinary encounter working with another person. 378

Zimbardo Prison Experiment free essay sample

The Stanford Prison Experiment harbored enthusiasm concerning the mental impacts that would be shown from typical individuals when placed into reproduction jail. Stanford Prison try had components of social structure of a genuine jail. Zimbardo himself held â€Å"ultimate† ace status as the superintendent. Members were chosen by Zimbardo for the examination. Members held accomplished ace status of jail monitors and another gathering of male understudies were depicting detainees in the examination. The social cooperation in the test had outrageous mental consequences for the members in the trial. The two watches and detainees fit in with the desire for their social job. Initially the Stanford Prison Experiment was anticipated fourteen day inquire about examination. The examination finished rashly following six days in light of the fact that the understudies turned out to be so assimilated into their jobs. The jobs the subjects played accepted they really were those jobs. The watchmen embraced twisted injurious mentalities. Authority and control over someone else went to outrageous measures in certain subjects. We will compose a custom paper test on Zimbardo Prison Experiment or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The gathering chose to depict detainees got debilitated and defiant. These subjects felt regretful, individuals gazing at them, being in squad car, being in a police headquarters. Riding in a squad car, and the procedure of capture made blame in their psyches. Despite the fact that they realized no wrongdoing was submitted experiencing the capture procedure made misery. The subjects playing prisoners accepted they couldn't leave the test. These young men were experiencing difficulty with their character in this test. Prisoner subjects were truly not ready to adjust in this social structure. They didn't have the fundamental abilities a genuine criminal has as a part of his character.

Is Justice Truly Blind essays

Is Justice Truly Blind papers We hold these realities to act naturally clear that all men are made equivalent. Thomas Jefferson composed these eternal words in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. One has the privilege to force the inquiry Are we genuinely equivalent? just by investigating American culture. By and by, the United States is a nation wherein thirty-three percent of the male ages eighteen to thirty years of age of African average are in prison, waiting on the post trial process or parole. This is an uncommonly high measurement in contrast with their white partners. A few people contend that those measurements reflect high pace of wrongdoing, which is common in African-American people group. Explicitly the regions of concern are devastated. The pace of joblessness is higher than the national normal. The normal pay is extensively lower; this prompts a feeling of defenselessness and sadness. In the nineteen eighties joblessness was high as was expansion, break turned into a channel of departure. Pow der cocaine, whose utilization likewise gave ascend in the eighties was in vogue in upscale Caucasian neighborhoods and was seen as breathtaking and clean. Similarly as there seems to be, a distinction as a medication that is favored between the two ethnic gatherings so is the seriousness of equity that is distributed. Government law requires a compulsory sentence of five years for the ownership of five grams of split. To get a similar sentence for cocaine powder structure, one must be secured possessing 500 grams. These lopsided measurements prompts the idea of the presence of a predisposition in the equity framework to keep the open inconsistent. On the off chance that an inclination exists for what reason isn't it pitched? This inquiry is substantial inquiry with a simple answer. On the off chance that you, an individual from the general population are additionally an individual from the white lion's share, you won't be influenced by these predispositions. Since 1995, separation in the court framework has gotten simpler to take note. This in part comes from the way that minorities in gener... <!

How Book Report Is Different From Book Review

Book Report There are many different types of written projects, but some of their aspects tend to overlap. As with the case on term papers and research papers, students find it hard to distinguish the differences between a book review and a book report. For instance, most written projects are composed of the same basic elements, like the introduction, body, and conclusion. Most of these, too, require you to do a ton of research. Say youve been assigned to do a review on The Catcher in the Rye by your instructor, and upon passing the paper, you feel good your analysis of each of the characters was spot on, with themes identified clearly you beam at that A grade looming across the horizon. To your shock and disappointment, however, that supposed A merely translated to a D. The pit of your stomach sinks; youve worked so hard for it and spend much of your free time pondering over the novel. And its only until youve spoken to your instructor that you realized that youve made a book report, not a bo ok review.At some point in your academic life, you have been asked to write either a book report or a book review, and many of times we interchange the two writing projects. Despite their seemingly similar purpose, there is a difference between the two. Simply put, a book report is much less complex than a book review, as it does not require an in depth analysis of the text at hand. To further understand their distinctions, we have gathered everything you need to know about that book review and that book report in this master post.Book Review What is a book review?Abook review is an incisive assessment of a text, object, event or phenomenon. These reviews can encompass more than just books and written texts it can also be written for architecture, art, fashion, and food, among others. An important component of a book review is the argument, followed by the commentary, which should be more than a summary. Here, you are enabled to enter into a dialog ue that centers on a discussion with the author and the intended audience. You are free to either agree or disagree, and identify which aspects in the text are exemplary or lacking. With this in mind, your opinion should be clearly stated. Usually, however, reviews are brief. While some may require an extensive analysis, such as journals and newspapers, they seldom exceed a thousand words. In whichever case, remember that reviews are always succinct. To illustrate the composition of a book review, here are its features:It must have a concise summary of the content. This concise summary should include an appropriate description of the topic, along with its general perspective, argument, or purpose.It should offer an in-depth assessment of the content. This pertains to your feedback directed towards the book under review. Here, you are free to point out which parts strike you as notable, its effectiveness or persuasiveness, and how it has helped further your understanding of the issue s tackled.It should suggest whether or not the audience would appreciate the written work.In addition, there are generally two approaches to writing a book review:Descriptive review Here, the content and structure of the book is presented as objectively as possible. Only the essential information about the books purpose is needed.Critical review A critical review evaluates and describes the chosen book with relevance to literary and historical standards. It should include a statement on the authors purpose and technique, along with how (in your perspective) the author has succeeded in doing this.How to Write a Book ReviewAs soon as youve gathered and made your assessments and observations of the written work, ensure that you survey your notes accordingly. This will help you combine all your impressions into statements that would best describe the purpose of your review, as well as the thesis. After doing this, the next step is to outline your entire framework according to the follow ing:IntroductionDue to its brief and concise nature, people usually begin their reviews using anecdotes and catchy quips, so long as it effectively delivers their proposed argument. This approach varies according to the audience and argument, however, although in general, you should include the following elements:Authors name, the book title, and main themeRelevant details about the author, such as his identity and stand on the issue.The context of the book and/or your review, as your choice of context supports your argument.The books thesis. If you are reviewing fiction, however, this may be difficult since they rarely display obvious arguments. But the process of identifying the books angle can allow you to show what specific contribution the book is trying to makeYour own thesis about the bookSummary of the contentThis part of the book review should be brief, as your analysis is of utmost importance. As you begin writing your assessment, remember to support your arguments with co ncrete evidence directly taken from the book; this means that parts of the summary will be dispersed throughout your review.Your analysis and evaluation of the bookThe book reviews analysis and evaluation should be organized into paragraphs in accordance with the subdivisions of your argument. This is particularly challenging when youre considering the entire book as a whole, but it will aid in differentiating the many elements of your arguments, which could then allow you to provide supporting evidence much clearly. As you cite evidence, make sure that you avoid the excessive use of quotations.What is the purpose of a book review?The basic purpose of a book review is to help the audience or readers decide whether or not they should dedicate some time to read the book. As such, a book review should be able to identify the books central idea, along with the authors approach and style, followed by a complete evaluation of its entirety.Book ReportWhat is a book report?By textbook defin ition, a book report is a written composition that summarizes, describes, and at times, evaluates a written work, which can be fiction or nonfiction. While this applies, to the academe, a book report is primarily used as a school exercise, usually determining whether or not a student has indeed read and understood a book. It discusses the contents of the book, which includes the title, plot, characters, and author, as this also shows that the student understands the text at hand. To reiterate, a book report is not a book review, because the latter requires the writer to give personal critique regarding the book. A book report usually follows a basic format, which includes the following details:Books title and year of publicationAuthors nameBooks genreThe books primary subject, plot, or themeConcise summary of all the key points or ideas incorporated in the bookThe readers reaction to the book, which can include the identification of its obvious strengths and weaknessesQuotations fro m the book used to support general observationsTo further understand what comprises a book report, its many forms should be taken into consideration. Book reports can be written in different forms, such as the plot summaries, theme analyses, and character analyses. No matter which type of book report you wish to write, necessary are the key elements which help you convey why the book should be read or not. In any book report, the following elements should always be present:Book report typeTitleAuthorSetting, which includes both place and timeCharacter names and descriptionQuotations and passages from the books as supporting evidenceHow to Write a Book ReportWriting a book report can be fun and exciting, but its framework can make things quite difficult. Heres a simple guide to help you with the process:Choose the book you wish to work onShould you be allowed to choose your book, choose a title that truly evokes enthusiasm in you. It could either be a work of fiction or nonfiction, s o long as the subject remains appropriate according to the classroom setting. In case you find yourself without the luxury of that choice, try to be open-minded. Although skeptical at first, perhaps youll find yourself enjoying the book if you give it a chance.Read the book religiouslyWhile much too obvious to point out, reading the book from cover to cover is essential to the process of making a book report. Some students choose to just skim over the book, reading only certain parts. Others resort to information already available online. To truly understand the book, though, you must read the book religiously, even to the point of rereading it. As you read the book, remember to take down notes. This will help you later as you begin the actual writing part.If youre reading fiction, try to ponder on the following elements of a story:Story plot - what is it about?Setting - where do the events take place in the book?Characters who are the significant characters? Identify their relatio nships with each other.Themes - what are the main ideas about society and life that the characters and plot symbolize?Symbols Are there any symbols the writer used to convey abstract concepts?For non-fiction books, consider the following:What is the topic of the book?Identify the relevant eventsList down all the important people described in the textWhat have you learned?Work on your outlineAn outline serves an important purpose, as it helps you ease into the writing process quite well. It works as a sort of framework, which will give you a clear picture of what your successful book report will look like. Organize all the information you have gathered into sections that flow logically, including the introduction, body, and conclusion. Your ideas must also be included here, closely followed by your supporting evidence.Ask for help. If youre in need of a book report writing service, dont hesitate to reach out.What is the purpose of a book report?A book report serves an objective summ arization of the arguments and main ideas presented in the book. The report, then, should give enough information to help decide the level of interest the book evokes. Book Review vs. Book ReportThe two written projects are often confused with one other, and it happens so often that their respective definitions get blurry. To emphasize once more the differences between a book review and a book report, a book review is an in-depth analysis of the book in question. It requires the writers critique and rigorous analysis. On the other hand, a book report is an objective summarization of the book. Here, its different components are cited, such as the plot, themes, characters, and overall main ideas of the book.When are the book report and book review usually assigned?It varies depending on your schools curriculum; also keep in mind that you may be asked to accomplish this task more than once. Academic institutions usually require students to hand in their book reviews and book reports to check if one has read the book or not, as well as to evaluate how clearly they have understood the books message.Book review and book report writing service for studentsAlthough both the book review and book report come with some sense of familiarity (youve been doing it for quite sometime, we suppose), writing it can still be complex. The mere fact that students often think that there arent many differences between a book review and a book report already qualifies as a problem, thus resulting to a less than ideal grade, no matter the effort. Theres also the issue that not all students are readers, and discerning the differences between a book review and a book report becomes an even bigger obstruction. This prompts students to resort to writing services available online, such as . As the premier academic writing service, weve dedicated ourselves to helping students like you. Even better, though, we can make more than your book reviews and book reports for you; our writers are more than capable of taking on your other writing projects custom essays, custom research papers and even custom term papers. If youre interested and truly in need help, dont hesitate to contact us!

Major Elements Of Memory Management - 1648 Words

D. Major elements of memory management Linux operating system is using virtual memory to support programs running in the system. The virtual memory provides lots of optimal ways to maximize the memory mapping and utilization. The virtual memory can allocate much more memory to processes than its actual physical memory size. Linux provides virtual memory great support to allow the processes running in the system, such as mapping the process’s memory to physical memory (Arora, 2012). There are two major important elements in memory management: virtual memory and demand paging. As discussed before, virtual memory plays a powerful role to support the programs for memory needs which may more than the physical memory size. Virtual memory is a†¦show more content†¦In the process, page model plays a role as a flag with virtual/physical page frame number as identified number for mapping; in addition it also provides access information such as read-only, or read-write, for access control. E. Major elements of scheduling The scheduling of Linux operating system is priority based scheduling. It is to make scheduling policies into the core of Linux which called Kernel for multi-tasking processes. There are two different scheduling: real time and normal, for handling large data processes performance balance and sharing CPU equally in the system. In the scheduling of Kernel, each process has a priority value which ranges from 1 to 139. 1 is the highest priority level. 139 is the lowest priority level. The real time priorities range from 1 to 99 and the normal priorities range from 100 to 139. The smaller number of priority value, the priority is higher. All real time programs have a higher priority than normal programs in the system. In Linux scheduling is implemented by a class named sched_class (Seeker, 2013). The purpose of this class is to handle the multi-tasking processes by scheduler skeleton and data algorithms. As discussed above, the priority value is very important for the scheduling, so how the system set the priority in the Linux for assigning which is in higher priority? It depends on the types of the

The Doctrine Of Natural Justice - 2444 Words

To what extent has the implementation of Article 6(1) overridden the common law doctrine of Natural Justice? Mohammed Yusuf Student number: 12012256 Contents Page I. Introduction This will introduce the concept of the thesis at hand with the significant introduction of Natural Justice, Article 6 and the reverberating impact of the Human Rights Act 1998. II. Procedural Protection before the Human Rights Act 1998 The Doctrine of Natural Justice The key concepts of natural justice will be analysed and the principalities that it holds, in addition to investigating authoritative case precedents for examination, scrutinising the doctrine of natural justice in how it operates in common law. The Strasbourg Jurisprudence Intervention. In this particular scope will consist of critical examination of the aims and objectives of Article 6(1) and what it transcends to achieve within the courts. This will be aimed to identify the implementation of potential procedural safeguards in various situations, identifying concerning issues relating to the wording of Article 6. This will be differentiated through the common law doctrine of Natural Justice in whether the interpretation and applicability of the Convention appears to innovate upon the common law doctrine. III. The Extensive Scope of Article 6(1) ECHR The Expansive Boundary of Article 6(1) The ambit of Article 6 appears to have expanded but the outline of this scope is to examine to what extent has it beenShow MoreRelatedIs Plato A Utopian Thinker?765 Words   |  4 PagesPlato’s search for the definition of justice, just soul, and just state is an indicator that he is a Utopian Thinker. Socrates’ response to Thrasymachus, â€Å"Justice is much more valuable than gold, and you must not think we shall slacken our efforts to it out of any idiotic deference to each other† (336e), shows how highly Plato considers justice and more importantly its definition. As justice is what he considers the ultimate form of good, the search itself for justice to live a ‘just’ life and his expectationRead MoreEssay about The Criticism of Social Contract Theories1232 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Tatum Schneidmiller Justice Theory Assignment #1 Ward Churchills criticism of social contract theory clearly applies to classic social contract theories that we discussed.   However, Rawls adds the veil of ignorance concept to his more modern social contract theory.   A) Explain the basics of Rawls and Churchills arguments and how they each criticize classic social contract theories.   B) Discuss whether or not Churchills argument applies to Rawls modification and explain how and why it doesRead MoreMorality Of War And Peace1709 Words   |  7 Pagesseeking redress. The second of Aquinas conditions for a just war is for a proportionally good reason or just cause. If one can seek redress from some higher authority, then one is not justified in resorting to violence. Aquinas states that the natural order conducive to peace among mortals demands that the power to declare and counsel war should be in the hands of those who hold the supreme authority. States have no common weal against internal disturbances, meaning that it is their business toRead MoreJoint Enterprise : Legal Doctrine1591 Words   |  7 PagesJoint Enterprise is legal doctrine that allows several people to be charged for a crime even though they may have all had different roles. The ancient law can be applied if there is evidence that the defendants had all participated or been associated with the crime. Usually, Criminal Law only holds offenders liable of their actions. Enterprise can be applied to many crimes, however it is commonly used in offences of violence, theft, fraud and public order, the most popular being murder. Read MoreAffirmative Action On Equal Rights1655 Words   |  7 PagesAffirmative Action in Employment The Universal Human Rights declaration states that all human beings have a natural right to equal freedoms thereby providing the basis for proactive measures to guarantee the enjoyment of equal rights in employment. Discourse on the controversial employment edicts of affirmative action and exceptions to the at-will employment doctrine signify the ambiguity in the implementation of the declaration on equal freedoms. White-male employees feel that the preferentialRead MoreNatural Law : The Human Conception Of Justice Or Moral Right1181 Words   |  5 PagesNatural law can be defined broadly as a philosophical belief that the human conception of justice or moral right is common to all humans and derived from nature. However it’s definition has been highly debated across history and therefore different definitions must be used as to not misinterpret the ideas and principles of different strains of thought within natural law (Boucher, 2009, P.19). It is also very important to dis tinguish how rights are understood in natural law, which is another contestedRead MoreEssay on The Law of Karma835 Words   |  4 PagesThe Law of Karma Karma, also known as Karman is a basic concept common to Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The doctrine of Karma states that ones state in this life is a result of actions both physical and mental in past carnations, and action in this life can determine ones destiny in future incarnations. Karma is a natural, impersonal law of moral cause and effect and has no connection with the idea of a supreme power that decrees punishment of forgiveness of sins. Karmic law is universallyRead MoreCompare and Contrast Utilitarianism with Christian Ethics810 Words   |  4 Pagesthe greatest number. Christian Ethics, however, can be quite different. Many aspects of its ethics are deontological, for example, the Decalogue and Natural Law. There are other differences and indeed some similarities which will be considered throughout this essay. Christian ethics has many aspects which do not agree with the fundamental doctrine of Utilitarianism. Firstly, the 10 Commandments in the Old Testament are deontological, as it is law based and the action is considered good or badRead MoreJohn Rawls : A Theory Of Justice Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagestheory of justice, Rawls state that you must imagine yourself in an original position behind a veil of ignorance. I would say another word for the veil of ignorance can be the curtain of the unknown. I would say the curtain of the unknown because the veil of ignorance is just like a curtain that is put up and behind it no one knows who they are. No one knows their race, their wealth status, their intelligence, their assets, nationality, etc. You know nothing about yourself or your natural abilitiesRead MoreThe Court Of India, While Administering Environmental Justice Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Court of India, while administering environmental justice, has evolved certain prin ciples and doctrines within and at times outside the framework of the existing environmental law. Environmental principles, such as polluter pays principle, precautionary principle and public trust doctrine have been adopted by the Court in its concern to protect the environment from further degradation and improve the same. It is important to note that these principles have been developed in various international

Personal Statement On Facebook And Facebook Essay Example For Students

Personal Statement On Facebook And Facebook Essay One day I travelled in Italy, in there I met my new friend Patricia. She asked me if I had Facebook. This is my first time to heard Facebook, Since Facebook was blocked in China.I asked my friend what Facebook was. She told me that Facebook was a social media to contact with friends and make new friend. She asked me to create a new account in Facebook. I said: Ok, I will create it right now. After creating Facebook, I liked chatting with friends in the messenger, sharing my life with my friends, reading interesting posts. I also made some new friends from Facebook. I thought that Facebook was a great invention. I did not have privacy awareness until I read this news. One day I read news as usual, one article grabbed my attention. It was about that a teacher was fired, since she posted a photo of drinking in the Facebook. Nowadays, employers not only screened resumes and conducted interviews, but also viewed applicants’ Facebook profiles. According to a survey, about three-quarters of recruiters checked out applicants on the Internet when hiring, and almost half of employers have rejected a potential worker after finding incriminating material like drug use, heavy drinking, sexually offensive materials, violent imagery found in the Facebook. Employers look as if the applicants present themselves professionally online. 51 percent employers said they Wanted to see if they would fit in with the company’s culture and wanted to learn more about their qualification; 35 percent employers said they wanted to learn if they are a well-rounded individual ,and 12 percent look for reasons not to hire someone. Since I was in the college and I would apply the job in the future, I was very care about my privacy on Facebook. After this thing, I . .e of a Federal-Level privacy protection law. The courts need to recognize that in the technology age, people have both virtual privacy and physical privacy. People should be able to control their own data, regardless of where it is stored. People should be able to make decisions about the security and privacy of that data. The Congress and Supreme Court should set a complete legal system of privacy in the internet, just as the Supreme Court eventually ruled that recording cell phone conversation was a Fourth Amendment search, requiring a warrant.Facebook is a social network website was launched by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004. As the first social network website in the world, it gives its users the ability to update their personal profiles, check their messages and chat with friends. With evolvement of Facebook, it always deals with the privacy issue of users.

Mysteries Essays - Ghosts, Black Shuck, Humphrey Bogart, Free Essays

Mysteries There are many mysteries that question the mind, but none that can compare to the intrigue in the supernatural. Ghosts, goblins, poltergeists, Death Omens, curses, unexplainable phenomena, and hauntings; mysteries of the paranormal could go on and on. There are centuries of ghost stories and tales that have been passed down from generation to generation. From the Bermuda Triangle mysteries, phantoms of the ocean, ships, and glowing ghosts of little boys, to the curse of James' Deans' car, The Little Bastard and the Amityville Horror. A little background history of this bone-chilling horror may help one decide whether or not to believe in the existence of the beyond. Everywhere on earth and all through history, people have believed that there is more to the world than meets the eye. Behind the outward material appearance of things there is sensed something inward, immaterial, and probably invisible.(Cavendish 1) Apparitions of things have been seen all over the world. The definition of apparition, as given by Richard Cavendish, is the supernormal manifestation of people, animals, objects, and spirits. (Cavendish 25) In the ancient folklore of England and Europe, glowing ghosts of little boys who have been murdered by their mothers appear. This particular apparition portends ill luck and a violent death. The name radiant boys could have possibly originated in German folklore with the word kindermorderinn. However, there are numerous radiant boy stories in the Cumberland area of England. These boys seem to resemble a flame ; slightly orange with a glow about them. These ghosts have never been proved to have caused any ha! rm, they simply appear and disappear as mysteriously as they came. There has only been one claim that these radiant boys have attempted to cause harm or scare people. One account of the radiant boy apparition was in Knebworth, England when Edward Bulwer-Lytton stated that he had seen a strange glowing boy with long golden hair sitting in front of the fire. This boy then drew his finger and slid it across his throat three times. Later, however this story was proved to be false and just another attention-getting scheme by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.(Guiley 274) Another mind-boggling series of apparitions was the Legend of the Faceless Gray Man of Pawley's Island. The story has it that this faceless man appears just before hurricanes strike at Pawley's Island off the coast of South Carolina. In fact, this particular apparition has been credited with saving thousands of lives. Residents of the island believe him to be the ghost Percival Pawley who was the first to settle and name the island. Whatever the case may be, inhabitants of the island claim that this faceless phantom appeared just before the hurricanes of 1822, 1893, 1916, 1954, and 1955. (Guiley 115) A more recent ghost, and a female at that, was Resurrection Mary. Resurrection Mary is one of Chicago's most famous ghosts. This beautiful blonde, blue-eyed girl dressed in white has been reported in the Chicago environs since 1934, the year of her alleged death. Mary takes her name from Resurrection Cemetery where she is supposed to be buried. Her full name is unknown and her existence is unproved. According to legend Mary was killed one night in an automobile accident in 1934 after an evening of dancing at the Willowbrook Ballroom, formerly known as the O'Henry Ballroom. Her ghost was said to have begun making appearances in 1934. She would hitchhike, and request a ride to the O'Henry where she would dance the night away. After a fairytale evening of dancing, she would then request a ride home. She would give the driver vague instructions past Resurrection cemetery where she would mysteriously disappear. All of Mary's dance partners throughout the evening said tha! t she was quiet, aloof and with icy cold skin. The only evidence or proof of Resurrection Mary is old cemetery records of a Polish girl near Mary's age buried in that same cemetery. (Guiley 280) On different note, another type of supernatural mystery is the childhood fear of Bogart , or otherwise known as the Bogey Man. Believe it or not, there is actually belief of the bogey man in English folklore. The Bogart is abogey or type of hobgoblin that has habits like that of a poltergeist. Although at times the Bogart can be helpful and sociable with some people, but is most often mischievous, annoying and frightening. The Bogart is not a visible nuisance, but plays tricks on people, like pulling off their bedclothes. The Bogart hauntings are also accompanied by terrible noises or laughter. The Bogart is also known to be nasty and mean; these habits include scratching, punching and pinching, and even in some cases snatching people up and

Comparison of Psalms, Sermons, and Parables Essays

Comparison of Psalms, Sermons, and Parables Essays Comparison of Psalms, Sermons, and Parables Paper Comparison of Psalms, Sermons, and Parables Paper Europe centered on Christianity and the Bible for centuries, and the holy book shaped the lives in all living during those times. Although the Bible nearly governed the people of Europe, most of them were never able to have access to it. The Bible was originally only available in Latin, the language of the Church, but during the Reformation of the 1500s, the Bible was translated into the vernacular languages for the common people to read. The King James Bible was the official English translation, and it was created by the consent of King James himself. Throughout the generations, the King James Bible has become an important part of life for English-speakers, often lending hundreds of phrases to the English language. The passages in the Bible all convey themes of faith, and three examples of such passages are the psalms, sermons, and parables. Although they all appear within the Bible, there are significant differences between all three of these genres, including a distinct form for each, a unique use of literary techniques, and different ways of communicating deep messages about life. While sermons and parables are both spoken passages that praise God, psalms are poetic religious songs that are sung to praise God. To keep the audience interested, psalms sometimes feature vivid metaphors, or comparison of unlike things. For example, in Psalm 23, phrase 4, a metaphor is used to strengthen the image of the psalm: Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil. (p. 277) The speaker is not actually walking through a valley of death; it symbolizes the person going through hard and evil times, but he or she is not afraid because God is with him or her. Using inference, the reader can denote the meaning of the metaphor I will dwell in the house of the Lord forever as a way of saying that he will go to heaven. Another example of word usage that creates an image is in the opening phrase: The Lord is my shepherd; He maketh me to lie down in green pastures. (p. 277) This creates a sense of peace and comfort to the listener, which is what the psalm is known for. A more serious example of a passage from the Bible is the sermon, which are speeches that offer religious or moral instruction. The Sermon on the Mount, a speech given by Jesus in Galilee, contains the basic principles of Christianity. Since sermons are rather serious and harder to understand, they usually contain analogies, or explanations comparing unfamiliar relationships to familiar ones to help people understand them. For example, in the 28th phrase in The Sermon on the Mount, the narrator takes the concept of clothing and not to concentrate on apparel, and compares it to the lilies in the of the field, which do not wear clothes but flourish anyway. The speaker wants the audience to speculate life as a lily or the green field, where just the necessities are used: food, air, and water. The analogy about birds in this sermon also makes people realize what God has given them: Behold the fowls of the air: for they sow not, yet your heavenly Father feedeth them. Are ye not must better than they? (p. 278) This analogy compares the needs of the birds to the needs of the human, which is similar to the analogy of the lilies and the green field. Another element of the sermon is the rhetorical question, which are questions that are not meant to be answered. These kinds of questions are thought-provoking, and cause the audience to think about what the sermon is about on a deeper level: Is not the life more tan meat, and the body than raiment? (p. 278, 25) and Wherefore, if God so clothe the grass of the field, shall he not much more clothe you, o ye of little faith? (p. 278, 30) are examples of rhetorical questions used in The Sermon on the Mount. Both of these are also reprimand the audience and listeners in a way. They force the audience to think about what was said and realize what God really wants them to do. A parable also features religious or moral instruction, but unlike the sermon, they are lighter in tone and are told in the form of a simple story. Parables illustrate messages from which lesson can be drawn. The Parable of the Prodigal Son tells a tale about a man with two sons, the younger of them asks his father one day to go out into the world alone with a few possessions, but ends up wasting his substance with riotous living. p. 279, 13) After a while, a famine came upon the land, the younger son does not have enough to eat, and decides to return home. When he arrives, the father greets him like a king, and says to the servants to bring forth the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet. (p. 279, 22) The older son, however, is not pleased with the manner of his return or the reaction of his brothers arrival from his father. The lesson learned from this narrative is that everyone is able to and has opportunities to make a change within themselves. We do not have to remain in a hopeless state. This parable also shows the attitude of the older son, who quarreled with his father that his brother messed up but was still given a fatted calf (p. 279, 23). The older son did not realize all the riches available to him in his fathers household. Instead, he chose to focus on the fact that he considers himself to be better than the younger son, and therefore could not share his fathers joy. The morale of this story is that both sin and self-righteousness (as shown by the older son) separate people from God, and that we all need Gods love and grace, no matter what state we are in. The metaphors used in the psalm, the analogy of the birds and lilies in the sermon, and the narrative used in the parable are all aimed at the original audience they were written for: the simple, rural folk. Although these three types of writings are quite different from each other, they all have a common purpose: to educate the people who choose Christianity as their religion about discipline, love, and Gods grace.

Discuss a portion of the clip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discuss a portion of the clip - Essay Example Firstly, the film producer relies on music to place the film in its immediate context. Application of Nazi anthem illustrates the political era depicted by the films plot. The filmmaker intends to illustrate life in the midst of wars and political revolutions. Thus, the clip applies music to illustrate the thin boundary that exists within emotions. The clip illustrates romance that flourished in the midst of war and anguish. Despite the immediate political situation, the characters purposed to maintain their romantic relationships. La Marseillaise is the French national anthem and it stands out as a symbol of love and harmony throughout the film. Finally, the film uses sound tracks or music to enhance interest among its audience. The use of popular music such as the French national anthem makes the audience associate themselves with the film, hence increasing their interest. Both pieces of music illustrate different points of view among the film’s

Film, Television and Society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Film, Television and Society - Research Paper Example Such as in 1973, new shows that were introduced increased the number to 28 but most of the new shows were cancelled. Similar evidences were reported in 1975 to 1977 but majority of the efforts failed. This constant failure reflected boredom of viewer for the various programs that were significantly similar and other emergent trends in the society (Dunnett, 126-127). The era of 1970 in US television is also regarded "The Decade of Norman Lear." This show characterized the Lear and Bud in situation comedy of an American society with an opportunity to see the various dimensions that were earlier considered as restricted domain by other channels. The shows casted different aspects of women rights identifying pressing women for identifying her true strength. For example, One Day At A Time presented the success of single mom in gaining success in the their lives. The show presented single mom as Heroes. All In The Family was another show despite being the controversial gained much populari ty. The show depicted the ways with which American family deals with issues. Various taboos in the American families were pushed aside in this program that created complexities. The news on television was given more acceptance than newspaper. The era viewed the increased influence on the television by the government. For example, the government banned the cigarettes advertisement on television and caused broadcasters loosing revenue of around US $ 200. In addition to this, the influence of US government was also witnessed in the government attempting to gain the support for the defence policies. The television in the era of 1970s also gained some greater exposures to country political conditions and other related matters. For... This paper approves that another factor that was raised from the freedom was loss of grounds that binds the society. The religious, social and even governmental grounds of society were increasingly losing its strength. The society was more inclined to free love, trends of rock and roll, changing genders etc has immense impact. In addition to this, the rising freedom orientation and frustration led to usage of drugs in society. People increasingly relied on drugs such as cocaine to continuously keep the energy level high and nitrate to arouse sexual abilities. The disco parties for all night had to offer these artificial energizers to keep people going on. The other negative impact from these factors resulted in promiscuity within constantly rising heterosexuals and homosexuals set in society. This report makes a conclusion that the above document attempted to comprehend the conditions of society transition from one state to other as result of the infusions from media of communication. TV and film selected as the medium for transmitting these changes. With central focus on the programs aired on TV and content that formed the subjects of film the document entails the varying factors reflected. Though there has been constant debate on the fact of the TV and film picks up subjects from surrounding and so happened in the 1970s era but at the same time the fact remains that such content further had devastating impact on the society. The worsened impact as concluded is the societal condition where government loses all morals and reflections are observed in the society’s conduct.

Loss Control Essay Example for Free

Loss Control Essay This report is basically â€Å"A short History of Fire loss control efforts in the United States†. It includes a historical overview of the situation in the area of minimizing loss of life and property in the early 20th Century, the paper starts with a brief over view of the principle of loss control and the causes for incidents that occur due to various factors, briefly describes the level of expertise and methods being used in that era to apply the principle of fire loss control. For the purpose of which information was obtained through the NIST (National Institute of Standard and Technology) about the available options to planners to minimize the chances and level of destruction due to accidental fires. The paper then shifts the focus on the 21st century and new innovations and options that have revolutionized the efforts of fire loss control. It also briefly mentions the recent technological advancements that are very promising for the new future and have tremendous potential to effectively reduce the occurrence and consequences of such incidents. Loss Control The concept of loss control basically deals with the formulation of strategies, systems and procedures to reduce or completely eliminate the occurrence of incidents which are undesirable and may cause loss of life and property resulting in massive disruptions and costing a large amount of money. (Fire. gov, 1) Mainly these incidents fall into three basic categories which may end up resulting in occurrence of such incidents: 1. Lack of Control †¢ Insufficient Systems Systems are in place but they are insufficient to deal with various unforeseen eventualities resulting in failure to muster an adequate response in order to control and minimize the extent of loss of life and property †¢ Insufficient Standards The standards and benchmarks in place to handle a situation and the guidelines which are in place are insufficient and the standards doe not satisfy the minimum international benchmarks set to deal with situations causing losses. †¢ Non- Compliance with Standards A situation where although the adequate standards are in place but they are not being enforced or followed by the people who are responsible to ensure enforcement and compliance with the standard practices. 2. Basic Causes If careful analysis is undertaken we come to the conclusion that there are usually two basic categories of basic causes that are responsible for incidents taking place resulting in substantial losses 1. Personal Factors The personal factors consist of inadequate knowledge on part of the people working in the work environment which generally gives way to incidents and then inadequate knowledge about how to react a developing incident hence it can be blamed on personal incompetence. 2. Environmental Within environmental factors things like inadequate engineering, equipment, leadership, hence at a critical time the failure of equipment or any resulting malfunction due to faulty engineering or bad leadership decisions can cause incidents to spiral completely out of control and magnify the resultant loss of life n property. 3. Immediate Causes †¢ Substandard Acts (Behavior) This area deals with the behavioral and factors of irresponsible actions on part of individuals, first and foremost factor that comes to mind is the improper use of equipment causing danger not only to one’s own self but also to people working in surrounding areas †¢ Improper Lifting/Failure to lock Out equipment/ Using Equipment improperly FIRE LOSS CONTROL Every year about 2 billion dollars of renovation, reconstruction and destruction and loss of countless lives due to incidents of fire in the United States takes place. Developed Facilities including buildings, of various types and the service systems functioning within them, as well as utilities for transportation, public facilities, power generation, communication systems, water supply and water treatment systems, and waste disposal) (NIST Research, 1) These facilities and systems are a Nation’s wealth, which are valued around $25 trillion dollars, with an average investment of $1 trillion annually employed in new construction, expansion and renovation amounting to about one-eight of the GDP. The quality of these systems and facilities are vital and fundamental to industrial productivity, progress and development and the level of quality of life enjoyed by the masses. The safety of these vital installations from accidental fires and other similar natural, incidental and willful hazards and dangers is critical and extremely significant for the safety of life, avoidance and prevention of injuries, protection and maintenance of property, and the most important issue which is the issue of national security. The basic phenomena around Fire’s include ignition which is largely unintended and accidental, growth due to the unintended materials fueling the fire and ultimately the usage of extinguishing materials suppression of fires, the effects on people and the general public of fires and combustion products, and the resultant negative effects on society of destruction caused by fire and the ensuing losses and investments in fire safety. The various aspects involved in the performance of developed and constructed facilities involve important and critical factors like structural stability which means the structures should be strong enough to sustain and withstand very high temperatures and should not collapse under intense heat, durability and strength of materials and equipment vital for safety and security of the structures and the human lives depending on them, environmental controls which are in place for building occupants in order to ensure their safety and security, functionality intended for the express purpose of the facility, the included costs of construction of the structures, operations within these facilities and structures, maintenance and renovation of facilities making them safe and secure and resistant to any accidental damage, and all other social and environmental effects. (Richardson, 30) This paper basically provides an overview of the history of the fire loss controls efforts in the United State s resulting from research and development and new techniques and fire control technologies.

Women as Undeveloped Men :: Ancient Greece Aristotle Female Essays

Women as Undeveloped Men Even the hard science of medicine is not always devoid of social information about the culture in which it is written. In ancient Greece, medical texts such as Aristotle’s The Female Role in Generation as well as The Seed and The Nature of the Child, both Hippocratic texts, all reinforced the idea that women are the result of weaker sperm despite differences in the specifics of their arguments. Aristotle wrote about the equivalence of menstrual fluid and male semen, except for menstrual fluid’s inability to generate offspring. The Hippocratic texts concluded that both partners contain sperm, and the combination of the strong male sperm and the strong female sperm creates a male child. The texts also mention the similarities between women and children, which explains the similar treatment of the two in Greece. The connection between eunuchs and women was also pointed out by reinforcing the physical semblance between unfertile men and mature women. All of these arguments come together to scientifically explain the female inferiority to the male sex, an all-encompassing aspect of society in ancient Greece. The medical texts of ancient Greece provide the scientific base for the conclusion of the society that women are undeveloped men and attempt to explain the patriarchal hierarchy of Grecian society that severely limited women’s rights and viewed them as second class citizens. The subject of semen, its nature and its role in generation inspired theories centering on the male’s ability and the female’s inability in both The Nature of the Child and Aristotle’s piece, The Female Role in Generation. According to the Hippocratic text The Nature of the Child, there is stronger and weaker sperm (346). On the subject of twins the reading states, â€Å"the pouch which receives thicker and stronger sperm will contain a male, while that which receives sperm which is more fluid and weaker will contain a female†(Lloyd ed., 346). Therefore a female is the result of weaker sperm, a weaker version of man. Similarly, Aristotle concludes that â€Å"menstrual fluid is a residue, and it is the analogous thing in females to semen in males† (Fant and Lefkowitz, 339). He describes the â€Å"male as possessing the principle of†¦generation† (ibid.). The female is simply â€Å"that out of which the generated offspring†¦comes† since â€Å"the female does not contribute any semen to generation† (ibid.

Macbeth’s character Essay

It is a fair assessment of Macbeth’s character to call him nothing but a brutal and ruthless villain? In Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Macbeth is a very complex character showing many different traits in his many appearances throughout the play. The story starts after a battle; Macbeth then meets three witches who foresee that he will become King of Scotland. These witches knew all about Macbeth’s fatal flaw, his greed for power. This fatal flaw, as a typical tragic hero was the cause of his downfall. There is no doubt that throughout the play Macbeth is a brutal and ruthless villain, but it is certainly questionable to say that they are his only qualities Before Macbeth is even introduced to the audience, we are already told of his capacity for brutality. The captain describes Macbeth’s actions to the king when he says, â€Å"Like Valour’s minion, carved out his passage / Till he faced the slave.† The captain goes on to say, â€Å"Which ne’er shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, / Till he unseamed him from nave to chaps.† This statement also shows the brutality and barbarity of Macbeth’s character very well as he did not just end this mans life in an honourable and quick way, but instead sliced him all the way from his stomach to his jaw. Macbeth is also obviously very highly regarded among his colleagues and indeed enemies as being both brutal and brave, as the captain again says to Malcolm, â€Å"For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name)†, showing that others thought of him as a very brave man. There is a lot of irony in this point as at this point in the play, Macbeth is being very highly regarded as being brave and ruthless, whereas later on these same qualities will lose him all his respect. As the play unfolds Macbeth finds it increasingly easy to kill innocent people, which shows clearly the ruthlessness and the brutality of his character. The first person that Macbeth kills in the play is King Duncan. Shakespeare’s audience would have taken this particular crime of regicide very seriously as they believed in divine right, that the king was chosen from God and anyone who took that power away was defying God and it was the ultimate wrong. King James would have been very pleased at this element of the play, as it showed that any person who committed regicide suffered greatly as a consequence of it. Also the fact that Macbeth murdered a King while he was sleeping and was utterly defenceless would have been seen as being very dishonourable. The most innocent of all of Macbeth’s victims of his barbarity is Lady Macduff and her son. Macbeth’s other victims are all directly blocking his path to supreme power and so one could argue that they were necessary, but Lady Macduff and her family are just a precaution that Macbeth took to try and get to Macduff. . In the scene where Lady Macduff and her son are killed, the innocence of the child is emphasised in his language and the questions that he asks his mother. When his mother questions how he will live after his father’s death he replies, â€Å"As birds do, mother†, clearly showing his naivety and vulnerability. This further enhances the barbarity, as Macbeth’s victims were so unaware of Macduff’s business and also Macbeth was not even honourable enough to do the deed himself. Although Macbeth is unaware of his fatal flaw, he still acknowledges that he is becoming more and more ruthless as the story progresses. He uses a metaphor of a river of blood to clearly show how he feels inside. Macbeth says: â€Å"I am in blood Stepped in so far, that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o’er.† By using this metaphor, Macbeth is saying that he has killed so many people now that it would be easier to carry on being ruthless and barbaric then to go back and repent. Macbeth is here admitting that he has done wrong and thinks of himself as a lost cause that has no hope of doing good ever again. Macbeth also says, â€Å"We are yet but young in deed†, suggesting that Macbeth sees the deeds he has committed so far as small in comparison to the deeds that he will commit in the future. Finally in Act Five Macbeth says that he has ‘forgotten the taste of fear, showing that because of the witches telling him that no man born of a woman can harm him, he does not fear anything anymore. The character that was the driving force behind all his wrong doings starting from the murder of King Duncan was Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth. Therefore one would imagine that when she died, Macbeth would be devastated, but in reality when she does die Macbeth shows no remorse at all. When Seyton informs Macbeth that his wife is dead, all Macbeth can say is: â€Å"She should have died hereafter: There would have been a time for such a word – Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow†. In this Shakespeare is trying to emphasis just how much Macbeth has changed throughout the book, from going from a loving husband to not even caring about the death of his wife. It is almost as if Macbeth at this point is incapable of human emotions anymore, like he has turned into the beasts that first gave him these apparitions. Macbeth is an extreme tyrannical ruler of Scotland and chooses to rule with fear rather than ruling out of respect. When Malcolm and Macduff are describing Macbeth’s rule, they use personification to emphasise the amount of damage that Macbeth is doing to Scotland. Macduff says, â€Å"Bleed, bleed, poor country, / Great tyranny. Lay thou thy basis sure.† This makes Scotland’s suffering seem human and the use of personification enhances the bad feelings that the reader has for Macbeth and also the feelings that Scotland is a victim is enhanced. Macbeth’s brutality and ruthlessness leads to him being very short of loyal followers as they all disapprove of his tyrannical ruling methods. The few that do remain do so only out of fear of what Macbeth would do if they did not obey him. When Rosse and the messenger warn Lady Macduff that Macbeth’s murderers are on the way to kill them, Rosse says, â€Å"I am so much a fool, should I stay longer† and the messenger says, â€Å"I dare abide no longer†. These two statements clearly show the fear that these men have for their lives in disobeying Macbeth. The fact that even Macbeth’s own men fear him enhances the evil feeling that the reader has for Macbeth. Shakespeare strengthens the image that Macbeth is a ruthless villain by the opinions that others have for him. In Acts 4 and 5, the English leaders refer to Macbeth as a ‘butcher’, a ‘hell-hound’ and an ‘abhorred tyrant.’ This shows the disrespect that the neighbouring countries felt for Macbeth’s reign. Shakespeare also uses pathetic fallacy to emphasise the evilness of Macbeth’s crimes, when the porter says, â€Å"This place is too cold for hell. I’ll devil-porter it / no further,† this is quite an extreme statement showing that Macbeth’s castle is even worse than hell, indicating evil and wrong doing is present in some way. All this imagery is used by Shakespeare to further add to the evil feelings that the reader has for Macbeth’s crimes against the King. It can however be argued that Macbeth has certainly not been a brutal and ruthless villain all throughout the play. Before we even meet Macbeth we are presented with a view of him being a noble man as we are told this by the king when he describes Macbeth as a ‘valiant cousin!’ and a ‘worthy gentleman!’ The captain also says ‘brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name’. These two accounts of Macbeth clearly show both the Captain and the King’s respect for Macbeth. Shakespeare builds up Macbeth like this so that when he does fall, it will be so much greater. Macbeth’s first major crime is the murder of King Duncan. Although this in itself could definitely be seen as brutal and ruthless, Macbeth did show a lot of anxiety about performing the crime before and he did show a great deal of regret after the deed. Macbeth hears knocking after he has murdered Duncan and Macbeth says, â€Å"Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst,† it is apparent from this that Macbeth has certainly got a conscience, as he wished that he could reverse his actions. Shakespeare also uses a metaphor of blood on Macbeth’s hands to emphasise his guilt when Macbeth says: â€Å"Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood Clean from my hand† Macbeth is experiencing the feeling that no matter what he does, he can never wash off the stain of his guilt. Macbeth is not the only one to blame for his crimes and had it not been for Lady Macbeth it could certainly be argued that Macbeth would not have acted on any of his ideas of murder. Lady Macbeth says that Macbeth is ‘too full o’ the milk of human kindness’, using the word ‘too’ to make it sound like it was a weakness on Macbeth’s part, showing that she feels Macbeth is too pleasant to be committing these types of crimes. Also Lady Macbeth uses all her powers of persuasion to get Macbeth to do what he wants. She questions his manhood, she uses flattery when she says, â€Å"And, to be more than you what you were, you would / Be so much more the man,† and she also uses emotional blackmail to twist Macbeth’s mind. With this constant source of irritation always near him, it is no wonder that he gave in in the end. It is not surprising that Macbeth eventually gave in to his wife as she is such a powerful and dominating character in the book Shakespeare re-enforces the idea of Lady Macbeth being powerful and evil when Lady Macbeth says: â€Å"Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here† This statement makes Lady Macbeth sound like the witches and therefore enhances her evilness and domination of Macbeth. Macbeth would not be considered ruthless and brutal had it not been for the forces of evil in the three witches. Macbeth was merely a puppet in their plan. They knew his weakness for power and used it against him. They told him exactly what he wanted to hear and that consequently led to the death of the king. Macbeth would have remained faithful to king and country, if the witches had not filled his head with thoughts that he could not escape. Therefore Macbeth was not the evil and villainous one, he was merely a victim of the witch’s evil. The evil in the witches is emphasised by Shakespeare’s use of pathetic fallacy. At the beginning of the play Shakespeare says in the stage directions ‘[Thunder and lightning]’, using pathetic fallacy to make the witches seem even wicked and their power emphasised as it almost seems that they have control over the weather. As there is so many factors that show that Macbeth is not just merely a brutal and ruthless villain, it would be wrong to call Macbeth ‘nothing but’ a villain. The very fact that Macbeth is a tragic hero is evidence in itself that Macbeth has the potential for good but is merely destroyed by his fatal flaw, because tragic hero’s have to start with power and respect and gradually lose that throughout the play. This is summed up perfectly in Act 4 Scene 3 when Malcolm says: â€Å"This tyrant, whose sole name blisters our tongues, Was once thought honest: you have loved him well.† Despite all the crimes that Macbeth has committed, Malcolm is still saying that this was not always the case, showing further evidence that Macbeth is more than just a brutal and ruthless villain.

Fixing the Great Depression with Franklin D. Roosevelt

When Franklin D. Roosevelt’s administration was tasked with fixing the issues of the Great Depression the first step they took was creating programs to assist those in need. Although his programs pulled the United States out of the Great Depression they would prove to be a Pandora’s Box. Once the country was out of the depression these relief programs remained even when they were not needed. These programs would drain money from the Government and eventually lead to the bulk of the economic issues faced in recent years. Although these programs had a time and a place they eventually caused more harm then they helped. The New Deal made Roosevelt face an issue that no other President had to face before, how to finance hundreds of new programs. The programs were financed by tripling federal taxes from $1.6 billion to $5.3 billion over a period of seven years. Excise taxes, inheritance taxes, corporate income taxes, personal income taxes, holding company taxes and excess pr ofits taxes all went up. Excess Taxes are a type of Tax that is primarily used during war times to capture profits that exceeded normal peacetime profits. By increasing the tax rates and imposing new taxes in an attempt to help the economy Roosevelt actually hurt the recovery of the economy. The taxes took additional profits made from the war away from the people who earned them. The increase in profits would have put more money in the hands of the consumers who would have stimulated growth of theShow MoreRelatedA Man With No Bounds Essay1005 Words   |  5 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt he is not just a person, he is a legacy the way he approached problems in his time â€Å"in charge†. The way he spoke to people was just outright amazing, like in his Infamy Speech after Pearl Harbor when he said, â€Å"With confidence in our armed forces, with the unbounding determination of our people, we will gain the inevitable triumph -- so help us God.† While in his long presidenc y, Franklin D. Roosevelt was considered by many, a amazing president who made all the right decisionsRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelts Impact on the Great Depression Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesFranklin D. Roosevelt was a man who besides his intelligence, charm and strong confidence, he was able to sustain the nation through the most overbearing crisis know as the Great Depression as well as World War II. While managing to stay optimistic, Franklin Roosevelt helped people regain faith in themselves. Despite all the chaos going on at the time, â€Å"he was met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory (pg. 90).† He was praised for pushing the governmentRead MoreEssay about Twists and Turns of the 1920s953 Words   |  4 Pages Depression Era Project. Throughout the 1920’s there were many bad times and many good times. From things like Flappers, women who began to do things that were considered â€Å"Un-lady like†, to the Stock Market crash all the way to the election of Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 20’s and 30’s were full of twists and turns. Even the fact that Herbert Hoover, who was beloved during WWI, was beaten by newcomer Franklin D. Roosevelt was a surprise. Though, after the Stock Market had crashed FDR’s electionRead MoreThe New Deal: An Experiment in Liberalism Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States economy. However, it was not the sole cause of the Great Depression. The crash further exposed the cracks in America’s apparent prosperity. And, since the causes of the economic crises were complex, the solution to the economic problems facing the United States would be complicated as well. Ready to address the complicated issue of reviving the American economy, as well as its d espairing citizenry, was Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Roosevelt’s campaign for the presidency in 1932 pledged vigorousRead MoreProgressive Era vs New Deal Essay examples981 Words   |  4 Pagesearly 1900’s Roosevelt had strayed away from the typical laissez-faire policy and decided that the people would need to be guided by the government. â€Å"Wilsonian Progressivism† had also aimed at assisting the public with his â€Å"New Freedom Program† which consisted of antitrust legislation, banking reform as well as tariff reductions. After the stock market crashed in 1929, America had fallen into a Great Depression resulting in the unemployment of millions. Newly elected Franklin D. Roosevelt decided toRead MoreThe Success of the New Deal in Solving the Problems Caused by the Great Depression724 Words   |  3 PagesThe Success of the New Deal in Solving the Problems Caused by the Great Depression Introduction- In the late 1920’s and early 1930’s the whole of America was in a deep depression and was in desperate need of help. When Franklin D Roosevelt was elected president of USA he came up with the plan of â€Å"the new deal† this was a planned guideline to regenerate money and the high standards of living the Americans once had not so long ago. He introduced 5 major organisations toRead MoreThe Great Depression And World War II2840 Words   |  12 Pagessociety during the four terms U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt held office. He led the United States through the Great Depression and World War II. He was a man who symbolized change, progress, and hope and effectively restored the faith several individuals lost as a result of the depression and war. By the time Roosevelt took office in March of 1933 as the 32nd president, there were 13 million unemployed Americans, and hundreds of banks were closed. Roosevelt faced the greatest crisis in American historyRead MoreAmerican History : The Great Depression1411 Words   |  6 Pageshave transpired variations in the lifestyles of American citizens, and everyday life. In particular, in the 1930s the Great Depression transpired as a result of the stock market crash which led to an immense widespread of unemployment of numerous Americans. Many primary sources contr ibuted to the hardships people have faced. To gain an understanding on how the Great Depression happened, one has to imitate the history of the events that led to it. The Twenty-eighth president of the United StatesRead MoreThe New Deal1023 Words   |  5 Pages The presidential election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1932 had risen the nation’s hope of economic restoration. Over three years of unrelenting hardship had taken damage on the American psyche. Roosevelt’s landslide electoral victory over former president Herbert Hoover, signaled a thorough rejection of the existing state of affairs and a desire for a new approach on â€Å"fixing the national economic crisis† (Hurley). The new president would not let down the nation. During his first two terms inRead MoreFranklin D. Roosevelt : The Best President The United States1949 Words   |  8 PagesDecember 17, 2016 AP GOV, P. 3 Dremousis Franklin D. Roosevelt was the best president the United States has seen since the death of William McKinley. FDR was elected to four terms as president and was able to achieve great things in each one. Ultimately Roosevelt was able to patch up and renew many of the hardships handed down to him from President Herbert Hoover s administration, as well as managing America s involvement in World War II. Franklin D. Roosevelt grew up a privileged life. He was educated

Essay Corrections System - 1615 Words

When it comes to corrections, it is clear what their mission is and that is to incarcerate criminals, however it also ensures that those incarcerated receive treatment to prepare them for reintegration and reentry into society. Ever since the creation of prisons, some wonder how we managed to survive without them in the past. Unfortunately, we do have neither the resources nor the capital to incarcerate all who chose to engage in criminal behavior. Utilizing other programs like probation are needed in order to accommodate those who wish to offend. According to McShane and Emeka (2011) there is currently over 5 million probationers and parolees in the United States and these programs represents almost 70% of all who are under criminal†¦show more content†¦In an article by Grohs (2013) stated that: †¦on May 23, 2013 the Supreme Court ruled that the conditions in the California prison system were so bad that they violated the Eighth Amendment and the CDCR needed to reduce the prison population by 30,000 inmates. The public is concerned because; some of those offenders will end up living among us in our neighborhoods. It appears like the Supreme Court officials have forgotten that the offenders that they are releasing are criminals. Why are these officials willing to place a large amount of these offenders that were convicted by the courts back into society and jeopardize our public safety? I am concerned that due to the high case load our probation and parole officers face that many of these offenders will go unsupervised. Fortunately, our corrections system still continues to hire new officer to help with probation and parole which are the two major programs that track and ensure most of these offenders are being supervised and they also help with prison overcrowding. Probation has been part of our society for many years. Probation was first used as a rehabilitative and supervisory tool to keep those low-level offenders out of jail. Today it is used as a strict supervisory tool that monitors offenders at home. Our corrections system is constantly changing andShow MoreRelatedChanges Of The Corrections System911 Words   |  4 Pagesthe failures throughout history in corrections, there are several changes that have been made since the initial developments of reform. Humans need to be punished in order to understand wrongdoing, therefore the corrections system will need to change not only to modern society, but also to the populations to avoid overcrowding. Americans should transition to more probations and community corrections programs, but eligibility for the new lenient methods of correction should only be available to non violentRead MoreThe Juvenile System And Juvenile Corrections System1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe juvenile corrections system dates back to the Greek and Roman times where children were treated as adults when they committed offenses. In fact, children in trouble had no rights would receive very harsh sentences. Moving forward, Europe also treated children as adult when it came to criminal offenses. It wasn’t until the 19th century that reforms began to be considered and used on the behalf of children. In the US, just before this time in Boston, individuals began advocate for children whoRead MoreCorrections and the Criminal Justice System1166 Words   |  5 PagesCorrections describes the punishment of offenders for the crimes they have committed. Corrections does not always mean punishment; in the United States they expect their inmates to read the bible to reflect on their wrongdoings. In the criminal justice system there are three major components: police, courts, and corrections. The police investigate crimes and arrest suspects handing over the evidence and investigative information to the court system. Prosecutors determine whether a crime has beenRead MoreCorrections in teh Criminal Justice System1076 Words   |  4 PagesWhen most people hear the term, â€Å"corrections† they probably think o f prisons, striped uniforms, cellblocks, armed guards, and surly prisoners. Part of American corrections is prisons, but corrections is much more than that. Corrections includes prisons, jails, halfway houses, group homes, probation, parole, intensive supervision, electric monitoring, restitution programs, victim-offender mediation, and even the death penalty. Corrections can be defined as all that society does to and with offendersRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System and its Corrections Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesThe criminal justice system is composed of four categories: law enforcement, legal counsel, courts, and corrections. I am going to focus on one of these subjects and the problems or issues that are within the corrections part of criminal justice usually refers to the events that occur after being sentenced in a court of law. During the past few decades many problems have arisen in this area, solutions have been discussed and put into use over the years as well. Howe ver, there are still problems thatRead MoreEssay on Technology and The Correction Systems1562 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology has become the bedrock for different parts of the correction system. The main force of expenditures and study in the corrections field is for the use of monitoring offenders. Different technologies that allow for better control pf the offenders can save lives and help prevent new crimes from emerging. The point of these technologies is to reduce the chance of recidivism by deterring criminals from behaviors that they may commit if otherwise left to their own devices. â€Å"The role of staffRead MoreComparative Corrections Systems1362 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 5 Assignment Sumitra Kendall CJ522: Comparative Correctional Systems  Ã‚   Dr. Lowery April 21, 2015 When you are imprisoned in an Africa prison the sectors can be over-crowded and dirty. The budget in this country is pretty non-existing resulting inadequate food for everyone, personal hygiene for example, little or no clothing. These prisons did not have access to soap, shampoo or any comforts they were used to prior to going to school. Throughout the continent you will find it’s notRead MoreThe United States Corrections System990 Words   |  4 PagesStates corrections system is organized distinctive structures that retain certain similarities with the Chinese prisons system. However there remain significant points of departure such as the prevalence of privately run correctional facilities in the United States. This differs greatly from the Chinese system of corrections which relies solely on government-operated public prisons whereby the state does not seek profit as is the case with private prisons (Shen, 2015). The American justice system inRead MoreThe Corruption Of The Maryland Corrections System853 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the cause of such an infestation as the corruption in the Maryland corrections system? The answer lies in the lives of those involved. Generally speaking, it will always come down to the morals, beliefs, and needs of the individual who is faced with the opportunity to become corrupt. Individuals who are employed by the corrections system are, in reality, mercenaries employed by the system to guard and control the inmate populations. Niccolà ² Machiavelli (1950) wrote that mercenaries cannotRead MoreCorrections And The Criminal Justice System2445 Words   |  10 PagesCorrections Corrections is a component of the criminal justice system and refers to the array of programs, services, facilities and organizations responsible for managing offenders or those who have been accused of committing a crime. Incarceration and probation are two of the basic ways that punishment is applied. If someone is a repeat offender or commits a more serious crime, they are more likely to be incarcerated, which means they are imprisoned. If someone is a first time offender or commits

Corals Indicators Of The Changing Sea - 1608 Words

Corals: Indicators of the Changing Sea Throughout the 4.5 billion years of its existence, Earth’s climate has oscillated between episodes of cold and warmth during different periods in its history. Earth has experienced periods of ice ages where continental-sized glaciers covered the planet. During Earth’s warmest periods, the polar regions of the world today were completely ice free. Though there were no humans on Earth billions of years ago to describe these dramatic climate variations, Earth was still able to keep records of the past. Climate archives have proven to be significant in providing clues of past climates and also gives us information to help predict future climatic events. Climate archives contain many indicators of past†¦show more content†¦Corals as climate archives Corals harbour millions of sea creatures that can only thrive in warm shallow waters in tropical or subtropical oceans. Andrea Grottoli (2001) describes corals as good climate archi ves because they are widely distributed, their banding patterns are strong dating tools, and their records can span several centuries (from 5 to 25 Myr ago). Corals secrete layers of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) which form their skeletons. The organisms that produce CaCO3 are sensitive to temperature changes in the ocean; thus, when the water temperature changes, the CaCO3 densities in the skeletons also change (Grottoli, 2001). The layers from corals have annual banding patterns which help date the changes that scientists discover. Light-coloured layers appear during the summer when growth is rapid and dark layers form in the winter when growth is slowed down (Figure 1). By studying these banding patterns, scientists can determine the season and temperature of the water these corals grew in and date them accordingly. Scientists drill into corals and take samples which provide accurate information about sea level, temperature and salinity at different times in history. Therefore, by i nterpreting this data obtained from corals, scientists are provided with a way to reconstruct past climate changes. Sea surface temperature Seasonal records of sea surface temperature in tropical regions

How to Invest Money Free Essays

The money is not the most important thing in life, but sometimes is really necessary, how to spend it sometimes could be a difficult work, some people are great spenders, others spend the money carefully, but in life, we always have the necessity to spend it, in a lot of difference ways, in my case, i am not a big spender, I am a thrifty person, i take a lot of care in how I spend my money, because in fact, i do not work yet, it is my parents money so i have to think a lot of how i use it. I always try to save money for the future, we all never know when we would need it, in this moment of my life I spend the majority of my money in clothes, shoes, make up, food and things like that but all the time i am looking for supplies and discounts because i think i a very smart way to save money. I do not like to buy a lot of things, i prefer to use my money in traveling, going out with my friends and family, knowing new places or doing interesting things, because the material things are gonna stand with you just for a while, but memories are forever. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Invest Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now If I win the lottery, I will do a lot of things. First of all I will put all the money in a bank account, and hire someone who helps me to manage my money, the i will discuss with my parents how to spend all that money because i know the have a lot of experience and will give me the best advice. I will by a beautiful house at the beach, with a big pool, in which i can invite all my family and friends and have fun, and another important thing, i will travel all the world!!! , know the most beautiful places in the world, France, England, Australia, etc, learn about their cultures and history, and make one of my dreams came true, go to the snow. I think that a smart way to spend money is to invest, so i will invest in properties, etc. Another thing I would do with all that money would be have my own business, buy a big house for my parents at the mountains, a study in a great University. In fact if i have more money left, i will use it all in charities, and to help people in all over the world, like orphaned children, help hospitals, poor people, etc, and of course help my best friends. I think the money is always going to be necessary but we decide how to make it important in our lives. How to cite How to Invest Money, Papers

Hamlets procrastination led to his depression Essay Example For Students

Hamlets procrastination led to his depression Essay Hamlets procrastination led to his depression Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark, who is seeking revenge for his fathers death. The ghost of the King, Hamlets father, tells Hamlet to . . . revenge his foul and most unnatural murder . Since his father asked him, he finds it his duty to do as he says. In this essay, I am going to prove that Hamlet puts off what he has to do until a future time, which leads him to his depression. He builds things up inside of him until the point that he is not able to handle anything, or lacks courage, skill, and will to do something. In his first soliloquy, Oh that this too too solid flesh would melt . . . , Hamlet talks about the first thing that has made him melancholy, or sad. He says that his mother barely mourned her husbands death and a month later she remarried. To try and make himself feel better, Hamlet makes a joke about it when he tells Horatio, The funeral baked meats did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables. Everyone else knows how much the remarriage of his mother has bothered him. The soliloquy in act one scene two shows how upset he is at his mother and himself. He believes he is better off dead because no one seems to understand what he is feeling. He shows that he is upset at his mother because she got married in such a hurry. It makes him think that maybe his uncle and his mother had an affair before King Hamlet died. He says that his father used to treat her like she was everything and she degraded herself by marrying someone whom treats her as if she was nothing. For example, King Claudius, Hamlets stepfather always asks Gertrude, Hamlets mother to do things for him. Claudius tells her to talk to Hamlet so he can listen in on their conversation, without even asking Gertrude if she is willing to do that. When the play begins, the King is already dead so we do not know how he treated Gertrude. What we do know is that when the ghost of the king came back to talk to Hamlet and tell him about the situation, he tells Hamlet that he should leave Gertrude alone and to try as best as he can no to get her involved. Not only in this soliloquy, but also in other ones in this play, Hamlet talks about dying. In his soliloquy in the third act, Hamlet talks about dying so he will not have to face the human suffering that everyone had to go through in life. Hamlet, at this point, believes that everything he is living for is gone. The one person that he looked up to is now dead and he does not have a male figure he can look up to and set an example for himself of how he wants to be. His mother is blind and does not see the way Claudius has been treating and she is also blind because she does not realize that Claudius is the one that killed her husband. The last reason that he is upset, and the one thing that does occur during the play was when Ophelia started to neglect Hamlet. Hamlet loves Ophelia and after everything started going downhill for him, he began losing the one person he cared so much about. Hamlet gave hints during the play that he wanted to die and that he is depressed, even to people that he did not trust, like Polonius. Polonius asks him to come out of the air and Hamlets response was to go into his grave. When Rosencrantz and Guilderstern first visit Denmark, Hamlet refers to it as a prison, because he does not like being there anymore. He is having problems with everyone around him and he would rather be alone but at the same time have someone he can talk to and trust. .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .postImageUrl , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:hover , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:visited , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:active { border:0!important; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:active , .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309 .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b02ac3579835423a4b165629bb1b309:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 2pac Essay Two other people that Hamlet did not trust were Rosencrantz and Guilderstern. He tells them that he has lost all his mirth . . . and indeed it goes .

Understanding Performance Management free essay sample

The mandate to operate at an optimal performance level and meet financial and organizational expectations are transforming the way organizations do business. This evolution is driving higher standards of competence in day-to-day operations and adding new pressure to increase stakeholder value. In today’s rapid-paced business climate, the agility with which a company manages performance can determine market position and company profitability. Defining Performance Management Performance management is the integrated process of defining, assessing, and reinforcing employee work behaviors and outcomes (Cummings and Worley 2005). Performance management focuses on understanding, optimizing, and aligning action and decisions and ensuring the collaboration and empowerment of all individuals across the business network. It includes practices and methods for goal setting, performance appraisal, coaching, employee development and reward systems. More than ever, organizations need broader measures of employee performance to ensure that (1) deficiencies are address in a timely manner through employee development programs that meet the needs of the organisation and its market, (2) employee behaviours are being directed toward performance of specific objectives that are consistent with the work unit and the organization strategy, and (3) employees are provided with proper and timely feed back to assist with their career development. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Performance Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These practices jointly influence the performance of individuals and work group, and enables them to work across strategic, tactical, and operational levels to align actions to ensure optimal performance. In order for effective performance management to take place, the process must utilize information from three time periods to do so. It makes use of data from the past in order to gather information form past performance. This information is then utilized in the present for the establishment of work plans, goals and the setting of development opportunities. These objectives therefore allow for high levels of performance in the future. The Purpose of the Performance Management System The main purpose of performance management is to make sure that employee goals, employee behaviours used to achieve these goals and feedback information about employee performance are all linked to the corporate strategy. However there is no one way to manage performance. What ever system is adopted needs to be congruent with the culture and principles that pervade the organization. Most systems of performance management has three purposes- Strategic, Administrative, and Developmental. The strategic purpose- Defining Performance One of the ways in which strategies are implemented is by management defining the desired results, behaviours and employee characteristics necessary for carrying out strategy. They can then develop measurement and feedback mechanisms which will show hoe effectively results are being achieved and what to do to produce results. The organization can achieve this strategic purpose if it is flexible and amendable to changes in the goals and strategies which can occur, and also to recognise that if such changes occur, then there needs to be change in results, behaviours and characteristics of the employees, which must of necessity change to correspond with such organizational changes. The Administrative Purpose-Measuring Performance Performance appraisal information is one of the main instruments used by organizations for making administrative decisions, for example, salary administration, in terms of pay raises; promotions, retention or termination, recognition of individual performance and identification of poor performance. The Developmental Purpose- Feedback and coaching This aspect of performance management seeks to develop further, employees who are good at their jobs. In instances where employees are not performing up to standard, performance management also seeks to improve their performance through coaching. The feedback from the performance evaluation process indicates or identifies the areas of strengths and weakness in the employee performance. It is therefore critical to businesses that they recognise and fulfill the purpose of an effective performance management system as this is central to gaining a competitive advantage through the management of human resources. They also need to develop the measures by which performance can be evaluated. The discussion now turns to the development of the performance management system. It describes the major strategic decisions that must be put in place if the task force is to effectively design a performance management system. In order for a successful performance management to be established, the process must utilize five strategic decisions. 1. How the system will be used be used? 2. Who does the evaluation? 3. What areas are to be evaluated? 4. How should the evaluation be done? 5. What are the ways in which the evaluation can be done? How will the system be used Planned employee development should be one of the basic concepts of any organization’s performance management system. This is an attempt to state a broad policy which removes any option about people development by stipulating that developing people is a pillar of whatever system of management the organization espouses. This people development should be planned, not given mere lip service or expected to happen by itself. Adoption of this policy would guard against the simplistic way in which some supervisors consider themselves to be results oriented as opposed to people oriented, thus absolving themselves from people development. The major thrust of employee development will be to emphasize that the development of people as the best means available to achieve results for the organization. Three new thoughts are intended in this policy rec ¬ommendation. First, because development is different for everyone, there should be individual development plans. While there may always be areas of growth or development common to many at the same time, these ought not to be the sum total of the people develop ¬ing process taking place. It is often an easy excuse for supervisors point to plant–wide or company–wide â€Å"people† programs as a way of absolving themselves of their people developing responsibility. The second operable word in this policy state ¬ment is review. The supervisor is required to follow up on the people development plans. They are not to be spoken of enthusiastically for a brief period and then forgotten. If documented on company forms, they ought not to be forwarded to some staff office as though float ¬ing off into never–never land. They require monitoring so that progress can be checked periodically. Third, individual plans should be reviewed at least annually. This is an attempt to offer some time frame for periodic review, so as not to make the task too time–consuming. Furthermore, a lot can happen in twelve months, so that this time span is not too soon for considering new situations that might warrant chang ¬ing or updating the plan. Many practicing managers indicate a twelve month time frame as a practical one, especially when the development plan is discussed in the context of the annual performance evaluation. Each of my subordinates should work out a specific plan of personal development. Two thoughts are contained in this policy statement. First, each subordinate is to have a development plan. Again, we speak of the universality of develop ¬ment. This isn’t only for the weak, or only for those identified as shinning stars, or only for any select lucky or unlucky few. Everyone has developmental needs in order to help achieve the mission of the organization. Second, there is the question of who works out this plan for development. Some may immediately think of some subordinates who do not appear capable of working out their own personal development, hence this may prompt a negative vote (or â€Å"false† mark) on this state ¬ment. Clearly there will be some individuals less qualified than others to work out such a plan. But the intent is not to expect people to do it alone – quite the contrary. The real point of this statement is to fix on the subordinate a sharing of the development responsibility for which the supervisor is accountable. It becomes then a shared responsibility between the supervisor and the subordinate. I should require individual development plans from each of my subordinates Again many mangers can point to individuals who might state, or have stated, they are not interested in development. We’ve all encountered people like that. They readily assert that they have no interest in getting promoted; they know their job, they do it well, they simply want to work 9 to 5 and leave the jockeying for positions to someone else. This is precisely why the uni ¬versality of the need for development needs reinforcing. It ought not to be an option. The organization cannot afford to let people maintain that attitude. It is not what we want to people to think of promotion or becoming managers or anything they truly do not want to become, but in order to continue to perform well in the present areas of responsibility, people must keep pace with develop ¬ments in their field. Because no job stays the same, no jobholder can stay the same. â€Å"Future shock† is a concept with which we are all familiar. So much happens in the work developments around us that no job remains the same very long. Hence, if a worker is doing the job the same way he or she did a year ago, that person is less effective, if not completely wrong. Periodic on–the–job coaching is a major part of an individual’s development. The hope here is that the supervisor will feel at home with the statement and its implications. Periodic instruction or assistance on the job is an everyday occurrence. No one will deny the need for giving instruction or assistance on the job to those who need it, and some need it more that others. If we can begin to see this part of the warp and weft of individual development, then the universal change envisioned in these statements will not be so threatening to some. Who evaluates Performance appraisal of the employee should be done by immediate supervisor. The supervisor is the one who is usually in the best position to observe and evaluate his or her subordinates’ performance and he or she is responsible for that person’s performance. References I/O psych text Another approach that can be used is peer appraisals. According to kane and Lawler(1978), three techniques are usually used : (1) Peer nomination- each person nomoinates a specified number of group members as being highest in particular dimension of performance. (2) Peer rating- each group member rates the others on a set of performance dimensions using several kinds of rating scales. 3) Peer ranking- each member ranks all others from the best to worst on one or more performance dimensions. The Appraisal of an employee by his or her peers can be effective in predicting future management success. One problem however is log rolling; that is all the peers simply get together to rate each other highly. Also many group members donot like to evaluate one another, so part of the method hinges on impressing participants with its values. There is also the rating committee which is usually composed of the employees’ immediate supervisors and three or four other supervisors. This type of rating is useful and advantageous because while there may be discrepancies in the rating \s made by individual supervisors, the composite ratings tend to be more reliable, fair and valid. Another advantage is that several raters can cancel out problems like bias and the halo effect on the part of the individual rater. Employee evaluation can also be done by employees assessing their own behaviour. This is known as the self assessment technique. The basic problem with this is that employees usually rate themselves higher than they are rated by their supervisors or their peers. Meyer(1980) reorted a study in which engineers rated their own performance against their views of the performance of other engineers in the company. On average, each engineer thought he or she was performing better than 75% of the rest of the engineers in the study. Statically, it is quite a trick to have a 100% of the workforce be in the top 25%b of job performers. This underscores the biggest problem with self- assessment: positive leniency. Most people have higher opinions of their own performance than others do. There is also the other form of appraisal which is appraisal by subordinates, otherwise known as upward feedback. In this situation, subordinates are anonymously asked to evaluate their supervisor’s performance. When this type of appraisal is conducted throughout the firm it really helps the top managers to diagnose management styles, identify potential people problems and take corrective action with individual managers as required. Appraisal may also be conducted through performance feedback from all the persons with whom the employee has to interact; this interaction is referred to as 360-degrwee feedback. The appraisal can take place between coworkers, subordinates, and internal and external customers. The Performance Appraisal Interview and the Coaching Process The appraisal interview is one in which the supervisor and subordinate review the appraisal and make plans to remedy deficiencies and reinforce strengths. For many supervisors the formal performance appraisal interview is one of the most dreaded activities of the role. Of course, supervisors often have no problem evaluating the outstanding performer. The problem is with everyone else. They are put in the position of providing information to a subordinate that often runs contrary to the subordinates own self-evaluation or self-image. This can lead to a number of outcomes that many managers would prefer avoiding. In conducting appraisal interviews effectively there are four major things that supervisors must do in preparation for interview: 1. Spend a lot of time preparing; go over the subordinates performance, your own interactions, the history of the employee; if the employee reports to a number of supervisors, make sure you have input from all relevant sources 2. They must assemble data, study the person’s job description, compare the employee’s performance standards that would be evaluated against, and review the files of the employee’s previous appraisals. 3. Supervisors should also prepare employees, that is , give them at least a week notice to review their work, read over job description, analyze problems and gather their questions and comments so that the interview can be a two-way conversation. 4. A mutually agreeable time should be choosen ofr the interview. Enough time time should also be scheduled for the intertview. Having prepared for the interview there are four important things that supervisors need to cognizant of: ? Supervisors should attempt to be direct and specific all times. They should speak in terms of objective work data such as absences, tardiness, qulit records, inspection reports, productivity records and cost reduction. This is done so that employee is aware of all the areas that he or she is being appraised on. ?The supervisor should also encourage the appraisee to talk. Stop and listen to what the person is saying. The supervisor should ask opened questions such as â€Å" what do you think we can do to improve the situation ? ? Do not get personal. Supervisors should try to compare employees’ performance to given standards and not to othe performance of other people. This can help to avoid confrontation or misunderstanding between the appraiser and appraisee. This also ensures that the person know what they are doing wrong and what they are doing right. The supervisor s hould ensure the persons understands , and get agreement before he or she leaves on how things will be improved and by a give n date . An action plan shoud also be developed showing steps and expected results. For: Clive Williams Problem: Parts inventory too high Objective: Reduce plant parts inventory by 10% in June Action Steps When/TimeExpected Results †¢Determine average monthly parts inventory 02/06†¢Establish base from which to measure progress †¢Review ordering quantities and parts usage 15/06†¢Identify overstock items †¢Ship excess parts to regional warehouse 20/06†¢Clear stock space in plant †¢Set new ordering quantities for all plants 25/06†¢Avoid future overstock †¢Check records to measure where we are now 01/07†¢To see how close we are to objectives Providing Feedback on Performance Feedback is most effective when it is †¢http://www. google. tt/preferences? q=tell+and+sell+interview+hl=enlr=safe=activesa=Ftimely-as close to the critical behavior as possible †¢descriptive and specific †¢objective †¢aimed at solving problems and action Conducting a Performance Appriasal Interview †¢set aside enough time †¢begin open ended †¢do not allow the appraisal form to dictate the interview process †¢try to balance inquiry (asking questions) and advocacy (pushing your ideas) †¢agree on the next steps for action Coaching: Some General Guidelines be as specific as possible take advantage of critical incidents-for example after a major project, sit down and reflect with your subordinate about lessons learned identify specific developmental agendas identify resources available to subordinates adapt your coaching style to the individual Link to compensation Many people may argue that a performance appraisal is little more than a tool for managers to use in wringing as much work as possible from individuals without adequately rewarding them. This perception is difficult to deny if you have ever been the victim of such exploitation. Indeed, it must be recognized that a dishonest and secretive performance appraisal system will only exacerbate poor employee relations. However, if employees believe that the system can assist them in furthering their own careers and economic prospects, performance appraisals can actually boost employee morale. Performance appraisals are particularly useful in facilitating equitable decisions about salary if the agency uses a merit pay system as the basis for salary progression. A merit pay system requires a method for translating judgments about work quality into appropriate salary actions. Pay increases of varying sizes must be rationally explained if a merit pay system is not to seem arbitrary. If an organization has an automatic pay system, with scheduled salary increases, performance appraisals will help identify (and justify the termination of) unsatisfactory employees who demoralize others, since they receive the same salary increases as good workers. Recent research (Bannister Balkin, 1990) has reported that appraisees seem to have greater acceptance of the appraisal process, and feel more satisfied with it, when the process is directly linked to rewards. Such findings are a serious challenge to those who feel that appraisal results and reward outcomes must be strictly isolated from each other. Methods for performance appraisal In order to effectively appraise employees the appropriate many writers have pointed to different methods which can be used in conducting a performance appraisal .